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Leptonica 1.68
C Image Processing Library
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Leptonica 1.68
C Image Processing Library
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Composite morph ops: component-wise, union/isect, tophat, gradient, granulometry. More...
#include "allheaders.h"Go to the source code of this file.
Defines | |
| #define | SWAP(x, y) {temp = (x); (x) = (y); (y) = temp;} |
Functions | |
| PIX * | pixExtractBoundary (PIX *pixs, l_int32 type) |
| PIX * | pixMorphSequenceMasked (PIX *pixs, PIX *pixm, const char *sequence, l_int32 dispsep) |
| PIX * | pixMorphSequenceByComponent (PIX *pixs, const char *sequence, l_int32 connectivity, l_int32 minw, l_int32 minh, BOXA **pboxa) |
| PIXA * | pixaMorphSequenceByComponent (PIXA *pixas, const char *sequence, l_int32 minw, l_int32 minh) |
| PIX * | pixMorphSequenceByRegion (PIX *pixs, PIX *pixm, const char *sequence, l_int32 connectivity, l_int32 minw, l_int32 minh, BOXA **pboxa) |
| PIXA * | pixaMorphSequenceByRegion (PIX *pixs, PIXA *pixam, const char *sequence, l_int32 minw, l_int32 minh) |
| PIX * | pixUnionOfMorphOps (PIX *pixs, SELA *sela, l_int32 type) |
| PIX * | pixIntersectionOfMorphOps (PIX *pixs, SELA *sela, l_int32 type) |
| PIX * | pixSelectiveConnCompFill (PIX *pixs, l_int32 connectivity, l_int32 minw, l_int32 minh) |
| l_int32 | pixRemoveMatchedPattern (PIX *pixs, PIX *pixp, PIX *pixe, l_int32 x0, l_int32 y0, l_int32 dsize) |
| PIX * | pixDisplayMatchedPattern (PIX *pixs, PIX *pixp, PIX *pixe, l_int32 x0, l_int32 y0, l_uint32 color, l_float32 scale, l_int32 nlevels) |
| PIX * | pixSeedfillMorph (PIX *pixs, PIX *pixm, l_int32 connectivity) |
| NUMA * | pixRunHistogramMorph (PIX *pixs, l_int32 runtype, l_int32 direction, l_int32 maxsize) |
| PIX * | pixTophat (PIX *pixs, l_int32 hsize, l_int32 vsize, l_int32 type) |
| PIX * | pixHDome (PIX *pixs, l_int32 height, l_int32 connectivity) |
| PIX * | pixFastTophat (PIX *pixs, l_int32 xsize, l_int32 ysize, l_int32 type) |
| PIX * | pixMorphGradient (PIX *pixs, l_int32 hsize, l_int32 vsize, l_int32 smoothing) |
| PTA * | pixaCentroids (PIXA *pixa) |
| l_int32 | pixCentroid (PIX *pix, l_int32 *centtab, l_int32 *sumtab, l_float32 *pxave, l_float32 *pyave) |
Composite morph ops: component-wise, union/isect, tophat, gradient, granulometry.
These are some useful and/or interesting composite
image processing operations, of the type that are often
useful in applications. Most are morphological in
nature.
Extraction of boundary pixels
PIX *pixExtractBoundary()
Selective morph sequence operation under mask
PIX *pixMorphSequenceMasked()
Selective morph sequence operation on each component
PIX *pixMorphSequenceByComponent()
PIXA *pixaMorphSequenceByComponent()
Selective morph sequence operation on each region
PIX *pixMorphSequenceByRegion()
PIXA *pixaMorphSequenceByRegion()
Union and intersection of parallel composite operations
PIX *pixUnionOfMorphOps()
PIX *pixIntersectionOfMorphOps()
Selective connected component filling
PIX *pixSelectiveConnCompFill()
Removal of matched patterns
PIX *pixRemoveMatchedPattern()
Display of matched patterns
PIX *pixDisplayMatchedPattern()
Iterative morphological seed filling (don't use for real work)
PIX *pixSeedfillMorph()
Granulometry on binary images
NUMA *pixRunHistogramMorph()
Composite operations on grayscale images
PIX *pixTophat()
PIX *pixHDome()
PIX *pixFastTophat()
PIX *pixMorphGradient()
Centroid of component
PTA *pixaCentroids()
l_int32 pixCentroid()
Definition in file morphapp.c.
| #define SWAP | ( | x, | |
| y | |||
| ) | {temp = (x); (x) = (y); (y) = temp;} |
Definition at line 71 of file morphapp.c.
Referenced by pixSeedfillMorph().
Input: pixs (1 bpp) type (0 for background pixels; 1 for foreground pixels) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) Extracts the fg or bg boundary pixels for each component. Components are assumed to end at the boundary of pixs.
Definition at line 89 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, NULL, pixDilateBrick(), pixErodeBrick(), pixXor(), and PROCNAME.
Input: pixs (1 bpp) pixm (<optional> 1 bpp mask) sequence (string specifying sequence of operations) dispsep (horizontal separation in pixels between successive displays; use zero to suppress display) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) This applies the morph sequence to the image, but only allows changes in pixs for pixels under the background of pixm. (5) If pixm is NULL, this is just pixMorphSequence().
Definition at line 127 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, NULL, pixCombineMasked(), pixMorphSequence(), and PROCNAME.
| PIX* pixMorphSequenceByComponent | ( | PIX * | pixs, |
| const char * | sequence, | ||
| l_int32 | connectivity, | ||
| l_int32 | minw, | ||
| l_int32 | minh, | ||
| BOXA ** | pboxa | ||
| ) |
Input: pixs (1 bpp) sequence (string specifying sequence) connectivity (4 or 8) minw (minimum width to consider; use 0 or 1 for any width) minh (minimum height to consider; use 0 or 1 for any height) &boxa (<optional> return boxa of c.c. in pixs) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) See pixMorphSequence() for composing operation sequences. (2) This operates separately on each c.c. in the input pix. (3) The dilation does NOT increase the c.c. size; it is clipped to the size of the original c.c. This is necessary to keep the c.c. independent after the operation. (4) You can specify that the width and/or height must equal or exceed a minimum size for the operation to take place. (5) Use NULL for boxa to avoid returning the boxa.
Definition at line 172 of file morphapp.c.
References boxaDestroy(), ERROR_PTR, L_CLONE, NULL, PIX_PAINT, pixaDestroy(), pixaGetBoxa(), pixaGetBoxGeometry(), pixaGetCount(), pixaGetPix(), pixaMorphSequenceByComponent(), pixConnComp(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixRasterop(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by DoPageSegmentation(), and pixGenTextblockMask().
| PIXA* pixaMorphSequenceByComponent | ( | PIXA * | pixas, |
| const char * | sequence, | ||
| l_int32 | minw, | ||
| l_int32 | minh | ||
| ) |
pixaMorphSequenceByComponent()
Input: pixas (of 1 bpp pix) sequence (string specifying sequence) minw (minimum width to consider; use 0 or 1 for any width) minh (minimum height to consider; use 0 or 1 for any height) Return: pixad, or null on error
Notes: (1) See pixMorphSequence() for composing operation sequences. (2) This operates separately on each c.c. in the input pixa. (3) You can specify that the width and/or height must equal or exceed a minimum size for the operation to take place. (4) The input pixa should have a boxa giving the locations of the pix components.
Definition at line 240 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_CLONE, L_COPY, L_INSERT, L_WARNING, NULL, pixaAddBox(), pixaAddPix(), pixaCreate(), pixaGetBox(), pixaGetBoxaCount(), pixaGetCount(), pixaGetPix(), pixaGetPixDimensions(), pixDestroy(), pixMorphCompSequence(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by pixMorphSequenceByComponent().
| PIX* pixMorphSequenceByRegion | ( | PIX * | pixs, |
| PIX * | pixm, | ||
| const char * | sequence, | ||
| l_int32 | connectivity, | ||
| l_int32 | minw, | ||
| l_int32 | minh, | ||
| BOXA ** | pboxa | ||
| ) |
Input: pixs (1 bpp) pixm (mask specifying regions) sequence (string specifying sequence) connectivity (4 or 8, used on mask) minw (minimum width to consider; use 0 or 1 for any width) minh (minimum height to consider; use 0 or 1 for any height) &boxa (<optional> return boxa of c.c. in pixm) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) See pixMorphCompSequence() for composing operation sequences. (2) This operates separately on the region in pixs corresponding to each c.c. in the mask pixm. It differs from pixMorphSequenceByComponent() in that the latter does not have a pixm (mask), but instead operates independently on each component in pixs. (3) Dilation will NOT increase the region size; the result is clipped to the size of the mask region. This is necessary to make regions independent after the operation. (4) You can specify that the width and/or height of a region must equal or exceed a minimum size for the operation to take place. (5) Use NULL for to avoid returning the boxa.
Definition at line 317 of file morphapp.c.
References boxaDestroy(), ERROR_PTR, L_CLONE, NULL, PIX_PAINT, pixaDestroy(), pixaGetBoxa(), pixaGetBoxGeometry(), pixaGetCount(), pixaGetPix(), pixaMorphSequenceByRegion(), pixConnComp(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixRasterop(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by main().
| PIXA* pixaMorphSequenceByRegion | ( | PIX * | pixs, |
| PIXA * | pixam, | ||
| const char * | sequence, | ||
| l_int32 | minw, | ||
| l_int32 | minh | ||
| ) |
Input: pixs (1 bpp) pixam (of 1 bpp mask elements) sequence (string specifying sequence) minw (minimum width to consider; use 0 or 1 for any width) minh (minimum height to consider; use 0 or 1 for any height) Return: pixad, or null on error
Notes: (1) See pixMorphSequence() for composing operation sequences. (2) This operates separately on each region in the input pixs defined by the components in pixam. (3) You can specify that the width and/or height of a mask component must equal or exceed a minimum size for the operation to take place. (4) The input pixam should have a boxa giving the locations of the regions in pixs.
Definition at line 393 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_CLONE, L_COPY, L_INSERT, L_WARNING, NULL, pixaAddBox(), pixaAddPix(), pixaCreate(), pixaGetBox(), pixaGetBoxaCount(), pixaGetCount(), pixaGetPix(), pixaGetPixDimensions(), pixAnd(), pixClipRectangle(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixMorphCompSequence(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by main(), and pixMorphSequenceByRegion().
Input: pixs (binary) sela type (L_MORPH_DILATE, etc.) Return: pixd (union of the specified morphological operation on pixs for each Sel in the Sela), or null on error
Definition at line 465 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_MORPH_CLOSE, L_MORPH_DILATE, L_MORPH_ERODE, L_MORPH_HMT, L_MORPH_OPEN, NULL, pixClose(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixDilate(), pixErode(), pixGetDepth(), pixHMT(), pixOpen(), pixOr(), PROCNAME, selaGetCount(), and selaGetSel().
Input: pixs (binary) sela type (L_MORPH_DILATE, etc.) Return: pixd (intersection of the specified morphological operation on pixs for each Sel in the Sela), or null on error
Definition at line 518 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_MORPH_CLOSE, L_MORPH_DILATE, L_MORPH_ERODE, L_MORPH_HMT, L_MORPH_OPEN, NULL, pixAnd(), pixClose(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixDilate(), pixErode(), pixGetDepth(), pixHMT(), pixOpen(), pixSetAll(), PROCNAME, selaGetCount(), and selaGetSel().
Input: pixs (binary) connectivity (4 or 8) minw (minimum width to consider; use 0 or 1 for any width) minh (minimum height to consider; use 0 or 1 for any height) Return: pix (with holes filled in selected c.c.), or null on error
Definition at line 576 of file morphapp.c.
References boxaDestroy(), boxaGetBoxGeometry(), boxaGetCount(), ERROR_PTR, L_CLONE, NULL, PIX_PAINT, pixaDestroy(), pixaGetPix(), pixConnComp(), pixCopy(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixHolesByFilling(), pixRasterop(), and PROCNAME.
| l_int32 pixRemoveMatchedPattern | ( | PIX * | pixs, |
| PIX * | pixp, | ||
| PIX * | pixe, | ||
| l_int32 | x0, | ||
| l_int32 | y0, | ||
| l_int32 | dsize | ||
| ) |
Input: pixs (input image, 1 bpp) pixp (pattern to be removed from image, 1 bpp) pixe (image after erosion by Sel that approximates pixp, 1 bpp) x0, y0 (center of Sel) dsize (number of pixels on each side by which pixp is dilated before being subtracted from pixs; valid values are {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Notes: (1) This is in-place. (2) You can use various functions in selgen to create a Sel that is used to generate pixe from pixs. (3) This function is applied after pixe has been computed. It finds the centroid of each c.c., and subtracts (the appropriately dilated version of) pixp, with the center of the Sel used to align pixp with pixs.
Definition at line 646 of file morphapp.c.
References boxaDestroy(), boxaGetBoxGeometry(), boxaGetCount(), ERROR_INT, L_WARNING, NULL, PIX_DST, PIX_NOT, PIX_SRC, pixaCentroids(), pixAddBorder(), pixaDestroy(), pixClone(), pixConnComp(), pixDestroy(), pixDilate(), pixGetDepth(), pixGetHeight(), pixGetWidth(), pixRasterop(), PROCNAME, ptaDestroy(), ptaGetIPt(), SEL_HIT, selCreateBrick(), and selDestroy().
Referenced by GeneratePattern(), and main().
| PIX* pixDisplayMatchedPattern | ( | PIX * | pixs, |
| PIX * | pixp, | ||
| PIX * | pixe, | ||
| l_int32 | x0, | ||
| l_int32 | y0, | ||
| l_uint32 | color, | ||
| l_float32 | scale, | ||
| l_int32 | nlevels | ||
| ) |
Input: pixs (input image, 1 bpp) pixp (pattern to be removed from image, 1 bpp) pixe (image after erosion by Sel that approximates pixp, 1 bpp) x0, y0 (center of Sel) color (to paint the matched patterns; 0xrrggbb00) scale (reduction factor for output pixd) nlevels (if scale < 1.0, threshold to this number of levels) Return: pixd (8 bpp, colormapped), or null on error
Notes: (1) A 4 bpp colormapped image is generated. (2) If scale <= 1.0, do scale to gray for the output, and threshold to nlevels of gray. (3) You can use various functions in selgen to create a Sel that will generate pixe from pixs. (4) This function is applied after pixe has been computed. It finds the centroid of each c.c., and colors the output pixels using pixp (appropriately aligned) as a stencil. Alignment is done using the origin of the Sel and the centroid of the eroded image to place the stencil pixp.
Definition at line 750 of file morphapp.c.
References boxaDestroy(), boxaGetBoxGeometry(), boxaGetCount(), COLOR_BLUE, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_RED, ERROR_PTR, GET_DATA_BYTE, L_WARNING, NULL, pixaCentroids(), pixaDestroy(), pixcmapAddColor(), pixcmapCreate(), pixConnComp(), pixConvert1To4(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixScaleBySampling(), pixScaleToGray(), pixSetColormap(), pixSetMaskedCmap(), pixThresholdTo4bpp(), PROCNAME, ptaDestroy(), and ptaGetIPt().
Referenced by GeneratePattern(), and main().
Input: pixs (seed) pixm (mask) connectivity (4 or 8) Return: pix where seed has been grown to completion into the mask, or null on error
Notes: (1) This is in general a very inefficient method for filling from a seed into a mask. I've included it here for pedagogical reasons, but it should NEVER be used if efficiency is any consideration -- use pixSeedfillBinary()! (2) We use a 3x3 brick SEL for 8-cc filling and a 3x3 plus SEL for 4-cc.
Definition at line 859 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, NULL, pixAnd(), pixCopy(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixDilate(), pixEqual(), pixGetDepth(), pixSizesEqual(), PROCNAME, SEL_DONT_CARE, selCreateBrick(), selDestroy(), selSetElement(), and SWAP.
Referenced by main().
Input: pixs runtype (L_RUN_OFF, L_RUN_ON) direction (L_HORIZ, L_VERT) maxsize (size of largest runlength counted) Return: numa of run-lengths
Definition at line 929 of file morphapp.c.
References Numa::array, ERROR_PTR, L_HORIZ, L_RUN_OFF, L_RUN_ON, L_VERT, Numa::n, NULL, numaAddNumber(), numaCreate(), numaDestroy(), pixClone(), pixCopy(), pixCountPixels(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixErode(), pixGetDepth(), pixInvert(), PROCNAME, selCreateBrick(), and selDestroy().
Input: pixs hsize (of Sel; must be odd; origin implicitly in center) vsize (ditto) type (L_TOPHAT_WHITE: image - opening L_TOPHAT_BLACK: closing - image) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) Sel is a brick with all elements being hits (2) If hsize = vsize = 1, returns an image with all 0 data. (3) The L_TOPHAT_WHITE flag emphasizes small bright regions, whereas the L_TOPHAT_BLACK flag emphasizes small dark regions. The L_TOPHAT_WHITE tophat can be accomplished by doing a L_TOPHAT_BLACK tophat on the inverse, or v.v.
Definition at line 1032 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_TOPHAT_BLACK, L_TOPHAT_WHITE, L_WARNING, NULL, pixCloseGray(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixOpenGray(), pixSubtractGray(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by main(), and pixGrayMorphSequence().
Input: pixs (8 bpp, filling mask) height (of seed below the filling maskhdome; must be >= 0) connectivity (4 or 8) Return: pixd (8 bpp), or null on error
Notes: (1) It is more efficient to use a connectivity of 4 for the fill. (2) This fills bumps to some level, and extracts the unfilled part of the bump. To extract the troughs of basins, first invert pixs and then apply pixHDome(). (3) It is useful to compare the HDome operation with the TopHat. The latter extracts peaks or valleys that have a width not exceeding the size of the structuring element used in the opening or closing, rsp. The height of the peak is irrelevant. By contrast, for the HDome, the gray seedfill is used to extract all peaks that have a height not exceeding a given value, regardless of their width! (4) Slightly more precisely, suppose you set 'height' = 40. Then all bumps in pixs with a height greater than or equal to 40 become, in pixd, bumps with a max value of exactly 40. All shorter bumps have a max value in pixd equal to the height of the bump. (5) The method: the filling mask, pixs, is the image whose peaks are to be extracted. The height of a peak is the distance between the top of the peak and the highest "leak" to the outside -- think of a sombrero, where the leak occurs at the highest point on the rim. (a) Generate a seed, pixd, by subtracting some value, p, from each pixel in the filling mask, pixs. The value p is the 'height' input to this function. (b) Fill in pixd starting with this seed, clipping by pixs, in the way described in seedfillGrayLow(). The filling stops before the peaks in pixs are filled. For peaks that have a height > p, pixd is filled to the level equal to the (top-of-the-peak - p). For peaks of height < p, the peak is left unfilled from its highest saddle point (the leak to the outside). (c) Subtract the filled seed (pixd) from the filling mask (pixs). Note that in this procedure, everything is done starting with the filling mask, pixs. (6) For segmentation, the resulting image, pixd, can be thresholded and used as a seed for another filling operation.
Definition at line 1130 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, NULL, pixAddConstantGray(), pixCopy(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixSeedfillGray(), pixSubtractGray(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by main().
Input: pixs xsize (width of max/min op, smoothing; any integer >= 1) ysize (height of max/min op, smoothing; any integer >= 1) type (L_TOPHAT_WHITE: image - min L_TOPHAT_BLACK: max - image) Return: pixd, or null on error
Notes: (1) Don't be fooled. This is NOT a tophat. It is a tophat-like operation, where the result is similar to what you'd get if you used an erosion instead of an opening, or a dilation instead of a closing. (2) Instead of opening or closing at full resolution, it does a fast downscale/minmax operation, then a quick small smoothing at low res, a replicative expansion of the "background" to full res, and finally a removal of the background level from the input image. The smoothing step may not be important. (3) It does not remove noise as well as a tophat, but it is 5 to 10 times faster. If you need the preciseness of the tophat, don't use this. (4) The L_TOPHAT_WHITE flag emphasizes small bright regions, whereas the L_TOPHAT_BLACK flag emphasizes small dark regions.
Definition at line 1185 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_CHOOSE_MAX, L_CHOOSE_MIN, L_TOPHAT_BLACK, L_TOPHAT_WHITE, NULL, pixBlockconv(), pixCreateTemplate(), pixDestroy(), pixGetDepth(), pixScaleBySampling(), pixScaleGrayMinMax(), pixSubtractGray(), and PROCNAME.
Input: pixs hsize (of Sel; must be odd; origin implicitly in center) vsize (ditto) smoothing (half-width of convolution smoothing filter. The width is (2 * smoothing + 1), so 0 is no-op. Return: pixd, or null on error
Definition at line 1247 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, L_WARNING, NULL, pixBlockconvGray(), pixDestroy(), pixDilateGray(), pixGetDepth(), pixSubtractGray(), and PROCNAME.
Input: pixa of components (1 or 8 bpp) Return: pta of centroids relative to the UL corner of each pix, or null on error
Notes: (1) An error message is returned if any pix has something other than 1 bpp or 8 bpp depth, and the centroid from that pix is saved as (0, 0).
Definition at line 1299 of file morphapp.c.
References ERROR_PTR, FREE, L_CLONE, L_ERROR_INT, makePixelCentroidTab8(), makePixelSumTab8(), NULL, pixaGetCount(), pixaGetPix(), pixCentroid(), pixDestroy(), PROCNAME, ptaAddPt(), and ptaCreate().
Referenced by jbAccumulateComposites(), jbClassifyRankHaus(), pixDisplayMatchedPattern(), and pixRemoveMatchedPattern().
| l_int32 pixCentroid | ( | PIX * | pix, |
| l_int32 * | centtab, | ||
| l_int32 * | sumtab, | ||
| l_float32 * | pxave, | ||
| l_float32 * | pyave | ||
| ) |
Input: pix (1 or 8 bpp) centtab (<optional> table for finding centroids; can be null) sumtab (<optional> table for finding pixel sums; can be null) &xave, &yave (<return> coordinates of centroid, relative to the UL corner of the pix) Return: 0 if OK, 1 on error
Notes: (1) Any table not passed in will be made internally and destroyed after use.
Definition at line 1349 of file morphapp.c.
References L_Kernel::data, ERROR_INT, FREE, GET_DATA_BYTE, L_WARNING, makePixelCentroidTab8(), makePixelSumTab8(), pixGetData(), pixGetDimensions(), pixGetWpl(), and PROCNAME.
Referenced by pixaCentroids().
1.7.3